Waste Gasification
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What is Waste Gasification?

Waste Gasification is similar to Biomass Gasification, the only difference being the materials going into the gasification plant.

Both systems operate in one of several differing manners. Some gasification systems heat the waste to high temperatures inside of a retort with minimal oxygen (creating what is known as "synthesis gas" which is a mixture of mostly hydrogen and carbon monoxide).

Gasifiers typically use a combustion reaction with some of the waste as fuel inside of the gasifier that produces the heat required for gasification. Others gasifiers use superheated steam as a catalyst to gasify red-hot coke or charcoal (resulting in "water gas", which is carbon monoxide and hydrogen).

Whichever technology or gasifier used, waste gasification turns waste into a fuel that can then be used to fuel a clean power generation power plant.

In the chemical industry, synthesis gas is a 2:1 mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Synthesis gas is the main product produced from Biomass Gasification and Waste Gasification processes.

Another method of bioremediation and/or disposing of hazardous, toxic and MSW wastes is Plasma Pyrolysis.

Plasma Pyrolysis is the process which involves heating waste in a sealed container without outside air. The synthesis gas that is produced from Plasma Pyrolysis normally has a higher btu rating than gasification gas. Liquids are also produced as a result of the Plasma Pyrolysis process.

Waste is placed into a gasifier which is a vessel that heats waste in the absence of oxidizing air to turn it into a synthesis gas without actually burning it.

The resulting synthesis gas is mostly hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). These are both valuable fuel gases. Other gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, water, hydrogen chloride, and carbon dioxide are also present and most of these will be removed by the scrubber.

The synthesis gas can be used in several ways. It can be burned in a reciprocating piston engine to generate mechanical energy for electricity generation. This is the least efficient way of utilizing the synthesis gas. Another method is the combustion turbine, which allows mechanical energy to be produced, and the waste heat can be used for further heat or power generation. The synthesis gas can also be used in industrial process heating or it can be fired in a traditional boiler to produce steam. The synthesis gas may also be compressed for later use.