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Waste
Gasification
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What
is Waste
Gasification?
Waste
Gasification is
similar to Biomass
Gasification, the
only difference being the materials going into the gasification plant.
Both systems operate in one of several differing manners. Some gasification
systems heat the waste to high temperatures inside of a retort with minimal
oxygen (creating what is known as "synthesis
gas" which is
a mixture of mostly hydrogen and carbon monoxide).
Gasifiers typically use a combustion reaction with some of the waste as fuel
inside of the gasifier that produces the heat required for gasification. Others
gasifiers use superheated steam as a catalyst to gasify red-hot coke or charcoal
(resulting in "water gas", which is carbon monoxide and hydrogen).
Whichever technology or gasifier used, waste gasification turns waste into a
fuel that can then be used to fuel a clean power generation power
plant.
In the chemical industry, synthesis gas is a 2:1 mixture of hydrogen and carbon
monoxide. Synthesis
gas is the main
product produced from Biomass
Gasification and Waste
Gasification
processes.
Another method of bioremediation and/or disposing of hazardous, toxic and MSW
wastes is
Plasma Pyrolysis.
Plasma
Pyrolysis is the process which involves heating waste in a sealed
container without outside air. The synthesis
gas that is
produced from Plasma Pyrolysis normally has a higher btu rating than
gasification gas. Liquids are also produced as a result of the Plasma
Pyrolysis process.
Waste is placed into a gasifier which is a vessel that heats waste in the
absence of oxidizing air to turn it into a synthesis
gas without
actually burning it.
The resulting synthesis
gas is mostly
hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO). These are both valuable fuel gases.
Other gases such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, water, hydrogen chloride,
and carbon dioxide are also present and most of these will be removed by the
scrubber.
The synthesis
gas can be used in
several ways. It can be burned in a reciprocating piston engine to generate
mechanical energy for electricity generation. This is the least efficient way of
utilizing the synthesis
gas. Another
method is the combustion turbine, which allows mechanical energy to be produced,
and the waste heat can be used for further heat or power generation. The synthesis
gas can also be
used in industrial process heating or it can be fired in a traditional boiler to
produce steam. The synthesis
gas may also be
compressed for later use.
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Waste
Gasification
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